{"id":27876,"date":"2026-08-18T02:06:39","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T02:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umang.pk\/2026\/08\/18\/%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b3-%da%a9%db%8c%d9%88-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d8%b0%db%8c%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%da%a9\/"},"modified":"2026-08-18T02:06:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T02:06:41","slug":"%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b3-%da%a9%db%8c%d9%88-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d8%b0%db%8c%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%da%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umang.pk\/en_us\/2026\/08\/18\/%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b3-%da%a9%db%8c%d9%88-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d8%b0%db%8c%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%da%a9%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%da%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

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\u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0633<\/h3>\n

\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637:<\/h3>\n

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SELECT *\nFROM registration\nWHERE student_id \n                IN (SELECT \n                        id \n                    FROM student\n                    WHERE location = 'Lagos')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2: \u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
SELECT *\nFROM registration\nWHERE student_id \n                IN (...)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
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SELECT \n    id \nFROM student \nWHERE location = 'Lagos'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u067e\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u06a9\u0645<\/h3>\n
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SELECT *\nFROM registration\nWHERE student_id \n                IN (SELECT \n                        id \n                    FROM student\n                    WHERE location = 'Lagos')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u06d2 \u06af\u0627:<\/p>\n
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\u062c\u0628 \u0622\u067e \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
SELECT \n    id \nFROM student \nWHERE location = 'Lagos'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc ID \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
\"\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n
\u067e\u0631\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 IDs<\/code> \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
SELECT *\nFROM registration\nWHERE student_id \n            IN('STU1', 'STU13','STU2','STU4','STU23','STU27')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 student_id<\/code> \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc IDs<\/code> \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0648\u0631\u0646\u06c1 \u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0688 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0622\u067e \u0633\u0648\u0686 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u060c "\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u061f” IDs<\/code> \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0688\u0646\u0679 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u061f”<\/p>\n
\u0679\u06be\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0688\u0646\u06af \u06c1\u06d2. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u06be\u06d2 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06af\u0632\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 IDs<\/code> \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u06c1 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06c1 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u06c1 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0633\u0628\u06a9\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u0633\u0645<\/h2>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba: \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 (\u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 (\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631)\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n
\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0686\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
SELECT *\nFROM registration\nWHERE student_id \n                IN (SELECT \n                        id \n                    FROM student\n                    WHERE location = 'Lagos')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u0648\u0679 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a SQL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
1. \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n
\u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2: SELECT<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06d4 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0679\u06a9\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u067e \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
SELECT\n    course_name,\n    COUNT(reg_id) AS registrations\nFROM course AS l\nLEFT JOIN registration AS r\nON l.id = r.course_id\nGROUP BY course_name\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1:<\/p>\n
\"\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u067e \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1:<\/p>\n
SELECT COUNT(reg_id) FROM registration\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
30 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0628 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
(SELECT COUNT(reg_id) FROM registration)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
SELECT\n    course_name,\n    COUNT(reg_id) AS regs,\n    (SELECT COUNT(reg_id) FROM registration) AS total --subquery\nFROM course AS l\nLEFT JOIN registration AS r\nON l.id = r.course_id\nGROUP BY course_name\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u062c\u0628 \u0686\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 regs<\/code>. \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 total<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f (30) \u06c1\u0648\u06d4 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a (30) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u0645 \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06af\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Percentage of Total = regs \/ total * 100\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba regs<\/code> \u0627\u0648\u0631 total<\/code> \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u067e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 0 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06c1 FLOAT<\/code> \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 CAST()<\/code> \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
-- casting numerator to float data type\nCAST(\n    COUNT(reg_id) \n     AS FLOAT)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u0688\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f FLOAT<\/code>\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0622\u06af\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
\nCAST(COUNT(reg_id) AS FLOAT) -- Numerator\n\n\/ -- Divide sign\n\n(SELECT COUNT(reg_id) FROM registration) -- Denominator\n\n* 100 -- Convert to percentage\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
SELECT\n    course_name,\n    CAST(COUNT(reg_id) AS FLOAT)\/\n    (SELECT \n        COUNT(reg_id) \n     FROM registration) * 100 AS percent_of_total\nFROM course AS l\nLEFT JOIN registration AS r\nON l.id = r.course_id\nGROUP BY course_name\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u067e \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2:<\/p>\n
\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 percent_of_total<\/code> \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 SQL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 ROUND()<\/code> \u06cc\u06c1 \u0641\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u06af\u06c1 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0627\u0632\u06c1 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
SELECT\n    course_name,\n    ROUND(CAST(COUNT(reg_id) AS FLOAT)\/\n    (SELECT \n        COUNT(reg_id) \n     FROM registration) * 100,1) AS percent_of_total\nFROM course AS l\nLEFT JOIN registration AS r\nON l.id = r.course_id\nGROUP BY course_name\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1:<\/p>\n
\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0622\u067e \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
2. \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n
\u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2: FROM<\/code> \u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u06d4 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0648\u06c1 \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0686\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06c1\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u06a9\u06be \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u067e \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0688\u0646\u0679 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM student\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0622\u067e \u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 region<\/code>\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 state<\/code> \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc:<\/p>\n
\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u067e \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 state<\/code> \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 region<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 CASE<\/code> \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2:<\/p>\n
SELECT\n    *, -- all columns of the student table\n CASE\n    WHEN location \n       IN('Abeokuta','Ibadan','Mokola','Iyana Ipaja','Lagos') \n    THEN 'West'\n\n    WHEN location \n       IN('Anambra','Owerri','Enugu','Port Harcourt') \n    THEN 'East'\n\n    WHEN location \n       IN('Abuja','Ilorin','Kaduna','Kano','Jos') \n    THEN 'North'\n END AS region -- a derived region column\nFROM student\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0622 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\"\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n
\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0688\u0646\u0679 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2: CASE<\/code> \u0646\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
(SELECT\n    *, \n    CASE\n        WHEN location \n           IN('Abeokuta','Ibadan','Mokola','Iyana Ipaja','Lagos') \n        THEN 'West'\n\n        WHEN location \n           IN('Anambra','Owerri','Enugu','Port Harcourt') \n        THEN 'East'\n\n        WHEN location \n           IN('Abuja','Ilorin','Kaduna','Kano','Jos') \n        THEN 'North'\n    END AS region \nFROM student) AS data_prep -- aliased data_prep\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 data_prep<\/code>\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 FROM<\/code> \u0634\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
FROM (SELECT\n    *, \n    CASE\n        WHEN location \n           IN('Abeokuta','Ibadan','Mokola','Iyana Ipaja','Lagos') \n        THEN 'West'\n\n        WHEN location \n           IN('Anambra','Owerri','Enugu','Port Harcourt') \n        THEN 'East'\n\n        WHEN location \n           IN('Abuja','Ilorin','Kaduna','Kano','Jos') \n        THEN 'North'\n    END AS region \nFROM student) AS data_prep\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u067e \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627 \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba: data_prep<\/code>. \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba: data_prep<\/code> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2:<\/p>\n
SELECT\n    region,\n    COUNT(id) AS students\nFROM (SELECT\n        *, \n        CASE\n          WHEN location \n            IN('Abeokuta','Ibadan','Mokola','Iyana Ipaja','Lagos') \n          THEN 'West'\n\n          WHEN location \n            IN('Anambra','Owerri','Enugu','Port Harcourt') \n          THEN 'East'\n\n          WHEN location \n            IN('Abuja','Ilorin','Kaduna','Kano','Jos') \n          THEN 'North'\n         END AS region \n        FROM student) AS data_prep \nGROUP BY region \n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0622 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\"\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n
\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0633\u06d2 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
3. \u0641\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n
\u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2: WHERE<\/code> \u0634\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0641\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0633 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba: IN<\/code>, ANY<\/code>\u0627\u0648\u0631 ALL<\/code>. \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba: IN<\/code> \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0686\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c1: \u0622\u067e \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0688\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 ANY<\/code>:<\/p>\n
SELECT \n\t*\nFROM student \nWHERE gender=\"Male\" \n      AND age > ANY (SELECT \n                       DISTINCT age \n                     FROM student \n                     WHERE gender=\"Female\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2: \u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
SELECT \n\t*\nFROM student \nWHERE gender=\"Male\" \n      AND age > ANY (...)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
SELECT \n    DISTINCT age \nFROM student \nWHERE gender=\"Female\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0679 \u0633\u0633\u0679\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627:<\/p>\n
SELECT \n\t*\nFROM student \nWHERE gender=\"Male\" \n      AND age > ANY (SELECT \n                       DISTINCT age \n                     FROM student \n                     WHERE gender=\"Female\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u067e\u0631\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06be\u06d2\u060c \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
SELECT \n   DISTINCT age \nFROM student \nWHERE gender=\"Female\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u06d2 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0639\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
\u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
SELECT \n\t*\nFROM student \nWHERE gender=\"Male\" \n      AND age > ANY (23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u0631 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
\"\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n
\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06c1 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba ANY<\/code> \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0688\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u0688\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0679 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be ALL<\/code>\u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u06be\u0648\u0691\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4 \u06c1\u0631<\/strong> \u0644\u0691\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0688 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba: ALL<\/code> \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
SELECT \n\t*\nFROM student \nWHERE gender=\"Male\" \n      AND age > ALL (SELECT \n                       DISTINCT age \n                     FROM student \n                     WHERE gender=\"Female\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1:<\/p>\n
\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 (==)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    (>) \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u0627<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    (>=) \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    (<) \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    (=<) \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    (<> \u06cc\u0627 !=) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    SELECT *\nFROM student\nWHERE age > (SELECT AVG(age) FROM student)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
    \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u062c\u0628 \u0622\u067e \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
    SELECT AVG(age) FROM student\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u060c 25 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
    \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 25 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc:<\/p>\n
    SELECT * FROM student WHERE age > 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0679\u0648\u0688\u0646\u0679 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 25 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 25 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0688 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u0648\u0631\u0646\u06c1 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 25 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
    \u0622\u067e \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
    -- retrieve students whose age is greater or equal to the average age of all students\n\nSELECT *\nFROM student\nWHERE age >= (SELECT AVG (age) FROM student)\n\n-- retrieve students whose age is less than the average age of all students\n\nSELECT *\nFROM student\nWHERE age < (SELECT AVG (age) FROM student)\n\n-- retrieve students whose age is less than or equal the average age of all students\n\nSELECT *\nFROM student\nWHERE age =< (SELECT AVG (age) FROM student)\n\n-- retrieve students whose age is equal to the average age of all students\n\nSELECT *\nFROM student\nWHERE age = (SELECT AVG (age) FROM student)\n\n-- retrieve student whose age is not equal to the average age of all students\n\nSELECT *\nFROM student\nWHERE age <> (SELECT AVG (age) FROM student)\n\n--Alternatively, you can also use !=, which stands for not equal to\n\nSELECT *\nFROM student\nWHERE age != (SELECT AVG (age) FROM student)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n
    \u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u067e \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    SELECT \n\tcourse_name,\n\t(SELECT COUNT(reg_id) FROM registration) AS regs --subquery\nFROM course \n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2: course<\/code> \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 registration<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 course_name<\/code>. \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
    \u062a\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u06af\u06d2 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    (SELECT COUNT(reg_id) FROM registration) AS regs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e \u0688\u06cc\u0679 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2:<\/p>\n
    \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u06c1\u0645 \u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    -- Alias the course table l and registrations as r\nSELECT \n\tcourse_name,\n\t(SELECT COUNT(reg_id) FROM registration AS r) AS regs \nFROM course AS l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0627\u06af\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0644\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba: id<\/code> \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 course_id<\/code> \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
    SELECT \n    COUNT(reg_id) \nFROM registration AS r \nWHERE r.course_id = l.id -- the connection\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u0686\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0622\u067e \u06a9\u0648 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2:<\/p>\n
    \"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
    \u06cc\u06c1 \u063a\u0644\u0637\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 l.id<\/code> \u067e\u0631 WHERE<\/code> \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0679 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    SELECT \n    course_name,\n    (SELECT \n        COUNT(reg_id) \n     FROM registration AS r\n     WHERE r.course_id = l.id) AS regs -- correlated subquery\nFROM course AS l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0622 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \"\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
    \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u06c1\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u062c\u0628 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
    SELECT \n    course_name \nFROM course AS l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0637\u06d2 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0622\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc ID \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2: CS01<\/code>. \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2: CS01<\/code> \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
    SELECT \n    COUNT(reg_id) \nFROM registration AS r\nWHERE r.course_id = CS01 -- ID for data analytics\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u06af\u0627 \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 course_id \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 (\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba CS01)\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
    \u0627\u06af\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 ID<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u06af\u06d2 \u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u06cc\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644\u0632 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06d4 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \"\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n
      \u062d\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 0 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/h4>\n
      EXISTS<\/code>    \u0686\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 TRUE<\/code> \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 FALSE<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0644\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
      SELECT \n    course_name\nFROM course AS l\nWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1\n              FROM registration AS r\n              WHERE r.course_id = l.id)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
      SELECT \n    course_name\nFROM course AS l\nWHERE EXISTS (...)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0627\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u200b\u200b\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 EXISTS<\/code> \u0622\u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 EXISTS<\/code> \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c EXISTS<\/code> \u0686\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2: TRUE<\/code> \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u06d4 FALSE<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2:<\/p>\n
      SELECT 1\nFROM registration AS r\nWHERE r.course_id = l.id\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 ID<\/code> \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba SELECT \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0633 \u06c1\u0648\u0644\u0688\u0631 1\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0645 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0686\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0622\u0626\u06cc\u06d2 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
      SELECT \n    course_name\nFROM course AS l\nWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1\n              FROM registration AS r\n              WHERE r.course_id = l.id)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4 FROM<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
      FROM course AS l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 EXISTS<\/code> \u0686\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
      WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1\n              FROM registration AS r\n              WHERE r.course_id = l.id)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 ID<\/code> \u06c1\u06d2 CS01<\/code>. \u06cc\u06c1 ID<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0644\u06c1\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      SELECT 1\nFROM registration AS r\nWHERE r.course_id = CS01 --- ID for data analytics\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0642\u062f\u0631 CS01<\/code> \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 course_id<\/code> \u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u06d4 EXISTS<\/code> \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 TRUE<\/code> \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06c1 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 EXISTS<\/code> \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba:<\/p>\n
      EXISTS \u2192 TRUE \u2192 course included\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 ID<\/code> \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 course_id<\/code> \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u06cc\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c EXISTS<\/code> \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 FALSE<\/code> \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0645 \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u06c1\u0627\u0624 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
      EXISTS \u2192 FALSE \u2192 course excluded\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u06cc\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u06d4 \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u06d2 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \"\u06cc\u06c1<\/p>\n
      \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u067e \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u061f<\/p>\n
      SELECT \n    course_name\nFROM course AS l\nWHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1\n              FROM registration AS r\n              WHERE r.course_id = l.id)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 NOT<\/code> \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 EXISTS<\/code>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0679 \u062f\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \"\u06cc\u06c1<\/p>\n
      \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0632 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u06cc\u06d2 \u0627\u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0631\u062c\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06c1<\/h2>\n
      \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0644\u06af \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/strong>\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u06c1 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0686\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/strong>. \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u0632\u0650 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06c1 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c IN<\/code>, EXISTS<\/code>\u0627\u0648\u0631 NOT EXISTS<\/code> \u06cc\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 SQL \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0679\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n
      \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0642 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be\u060c \u0622\u067e \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 SQL \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u062c\u0628 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0622\u067e \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 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